ADE. Suma Psicológica · 2025

Network analysis of the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and sequelae due to COVID-19

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly increased global anxiety and depression rates. Among those infected, physical sequelae often worsened psychological symptoms, creating a cycle of distress. This study examined the interrelations between anxiety, de pression, and COVID-19 sequelae. Method: Data were collected through an online survey of 18,720 Bra zilian adults between March and May 2024. We conducted two network analyses: one for anxiety and depression, and another for COVID-19 sequelae, with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: About one-third of participants reported persistent COVID-19 sequelae, mainly neurological symp toms, sleep disturbances, psychiatric conditions, and chronic pain. Post-pandemic networks appear to reflect a shift from anxiety- to depression-centred structures, with hopelessness emerging as the most central symptom and psychomotor changes functioning as the primary bridge between anxie ty and depression. In the network integrating sequelae, anxiety, and depression, neurological seque lae and sleep disturbances emerged as the most influential nodes. Psychomotor changes also acted as the main bridge node, suggesting they may play a crucial role in linking depressive symptoms to anxiety and post-COVID sequelae within the network. Conclusions: The findings highlight the endur ing impact of the pandemic on mental health and emphasise the need for targeted interventions that also address depressive symptoms to mitigate these long-term adverse effects.