Odontología · 2026

Evaluación de la proliferación y viabilidad de fibroblastos humanos cultivados en dentina descelularizada

Resumen

Introduction: Tissue engineering has promoted the development of biomaterials such as decellularized dentin, which preserves the architecture of the extracellular matrix and can function as a scaffold for cell growth. However, it is necessary to evaluate its ability to support cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability.Objective: To evaluate the proliferation and viability of human fibroblasts cultured in decellularized dentin.Methodology: An in vitro longitudinal experimental study was conducted over human broblasts obtained from healthy gingival tissue from adult volunteers wich signed the informed consent previosuly. The explant technique was performed to obtained primary culture incubated in controlled atmosphere with complemented DMEM. Decellularized dentin fragments were assigned to experimental groups with cell seeding and a control group without cells. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed using the MTT assay at different time points (24 h, 48 h, 3, 7, 10, 15, and 21 days). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05).Results: A progressive increase in fibroblast proliferation over time was observed, along with morphological changes like as viable cells. Fibroblasts showed the ability to adhere to decellularized dentin, forming organized cellular colonies and maintaining sustained proliferative activity. The scaffold exhibited structural characteristics favorable for cell–matrix interaction.Conclusions: Decellularized dentin demonstrated to be a biocompatible biomaterial that supports adhesion, proliferation, and viability of human fibroblasts in vitro, supporting its potential as a scaffold in tissue regeneration strategies in dentistry.

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