Odontología · 2026
Revisión de alcance sobre la detección temprana del cáncer oral en odontología general
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Resumen
Background: Early detection of oral cancer remains a major challenge in general dental practice due to the complexity of identifying early lesions and variability in diagnostic approaches. Objective: To map the scientific evidence on early detection of oral cancer in general dental practice. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Lens.org were searched. Studies published between January 2020 and February 2026 in English and Spanish were included. Selection was performed using Rayyan®, and data were organized into three dimensions: clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and clinical guidelines or intervention strategies. Results: A total of 74 studies were included. Most focused on diagnostic methods and tools (75.7%), followed by clinical guidelines and strategies (16.2%) and clinical manifestations (8.1%). Technological approaches predominated, particularly artificial intelligence, optical technologies, and digital health, showing promising diagnostic performance. The clinical dimension revealed high heterogeneity and lack of standardized classification, with overlap among benign, potentially malignant, and malignant lesions. In the strategic dimension, a limited number of structured clinical guidelines was identified. Conclusions: Early detection of oral cancer is a multidimensional process characterized by fragmented knowledge. The main challenge lies not in the lack of evidence, but in its limited integration, standardization, and clinical applicability. Integrated models are needed to improve decision-making in general dental practice.