Comercio Internacional · 2026

La alianza del pacífico en Colombia (2020-2024): análisis de sus estrategias de cooperación e integración regional

Resumen

This study characterizes and examines the outcomes of Colombia's participation in the cooperation and integration strategies of the Pacific Alliance during the 2020–2024 period, adopting a convergent parallel mixed-methods design that combines documentary analysis with five quantitative indicators: the Intraregional Trade Index, the Trade Openness Index, the bloc's share in world trade, Foreign Direct Investment flows, and comparative trade openness among the partners. It is specified that the indicators describe the behavior of economic variables associated with trade, openness, and investment, and do not, by themselves, allow for the establishment of causal relationships with the bloc's cooperation strategies; their assessment is conducted by comparison with the other members, who share exposure to the institutional instruments. The results show that Colombia is the member with the lowest Trade Openness Index in the bloc, with levels equivalent to approximately half of those recorded by Mexico; this gap is sustained throughout all the years analyzed, suggesting its structural rather than cyclical nature. It is concluded that Colombia's use of the bloc's cooperation instruments shows misalignments with respect to the open regionalism model formulated by ECLAC (1994), and that closing the openness gap observed with its partners would require articulating participation in the Alliance with a domestic industrial policy oriented toward export diversification.

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