8. Revista Salud Bosque - Cosecha
Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation Among College Students
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Resumen
Introduction: In America, there is a growing trend in the rates of mental illnesses and suicides, the latter claiming the lives of 100.000 people each year in the region and it is the fourth leading cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29. Objective: To identify individual and interpersonal risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation in college students as reported in the literature between 2020 and 2022. Methods: A search was conducted in the Scopus using a query composed of health science descriptors such as ‘suicidal ideation,’ ‘university students,’ ‘college students,’ ‘suicidal thought’ and ‘suicidal idea.’ This yielded a database of 176 articles and a final sample of 51. Results: Individual risk factors included depression, anxiety, life stress, mental and emotional disorders, and a sedentary lifestyle; interpersonal factors included social isolation, parenting styles, and negative affect. A healthy lifestyle, emotional stability and a growth mindset emerged as personal protective factors, while social support from friends and family, both online and offline, the quality of the parental bond, and religiosity were identified as interpersonal protective factors against suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Suicidal ideation in college students, primarily studied using quantitative methods, reflects individual risk factors such as depression and anxiety, while social support, physical activity, and resilience serve as key protective factors. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive approaches grounded in the interpersonal theory of suicide to understand and address this phenomenon.