Odontología · 2026
Diseño y validación de apariencia y contenido de un instrumento sobre Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en docentes involucrados en la formación de odontólogos
Science, technology, and innovation (STI) are fundamental pillars of human progress; while science seeks a systematic understanding of the world through evidence, technology applies that knowledge to solve problems, and innovation transforms ideas into new products or processes. Over the years, various studies have examined how educators integrate these concepts into their practice. Studies such as those by Mansour (2010) and Saad and BouJaoude (2012) revealed discrepancies between educators’ theoretical beliefs and their actual classroom practices. On the other hand, authors such as Kopcha (2015) and Kamisi (2021) have highlighted the diversity of teacher profiles regarding innovation and the importance of positive attitudes toward the Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach to linking teaching with everyday contexts. Despite global advances in measuring science, technology, and innovation (STI), reliable, standardized tools for assessing teachers’ knowledge and perceptions in this field remain lacking within the academic context of dentistry. Therefore, an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to validate a measurement instrument for assessing teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of science, technology, and innovation in terms of form and content.Three instruments were initially developed and structured around conceptual knowledge (Survey 1A), applied knowledge (Survey 1B), and perceptions (Survey 2) regarding STI. Phase I involved preliminarily validating the instrument (form and content validation) with a panel of eight experts. Its analysis was conducted using a descriptive and psychometric approach via R Studio, employing Aiken’s V-index. The results show that Survey 1A achieved an overall Aiken’s V of 0.95 for content and 0.92 for form. This tool consisted of five domains, with values ranging from 0.75 to 1.00 for content and from 0.81 to 0.97 for form. Meanwhile, Survey 1B obtained an overall Aiken’s V of 0.98 for content and 0.96 for form. This tool consisted of three domains that ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 for both content and form. Survey 2 obtained an Aiken’s V of 0.99 for content and 0.98 for form. The tool consisted of five domains ranging from 0.91 to 1.00 for content and from 0.96 to 1.00 for form.In conclusion, the instrument was validated in terms of both form and content. Adjustments were based on the quantitative component and the analysis of observations made by various evaluators. This enabled the development of a new proposal for Phase 1.