CAA. Revista UDCA Actualidad & Divulgación Científica · 2012

Efecto del cambio climático sobre la fisiología de las plantas cultivadas: una revisión

To analyze the effects of climate change on plant physiology is necessary to consider various environmental factors and their interaction with physiological process. The objective of this review is to present the current knowledge of research related to climate change effects on plant physiology. This review covers the effects of increased CO2, temperature, wa-ter (water deficit and excess water) and ozone on growth and development of various crop species. The temperature in-crease will generate problems of genetic erosion and lead to the extinction of many plant species, high temperatures can adversely affect photosynthesis, respiration, water relations and membrane stability, hormone regulation and secondary metabolism plants. Net photosynthesis increases gradually with the increase of CO2, especially in C3 species, but at high temperatures is reduced because of increased photorespira-tion. Exposure to ozone (O3) reduces stomata diffusion, the photosynthetic rate, affects the partition of assimilates and generally reduces plant growth.