Maestría en Ciencias del Deporte · 2019

Programa de entrenamiento de fuerza excéntrica y pliometría sobre la potencia, velocidad e índice elástico en seleccionados de la Pontificia Universidad javeriana

This research aims to determine the importance of including an eccentric and plyometric strength training program in university students that allows a better physical condition to be developed, improving the response to the demand of each sport modality. Therefore, a proposal is established with which it is intended to favor the training processes and also generate adequate preparation for the university competitions of athletics, karate, basketball and sand Volleyball. Objective: To analyze the effects of an eccentric strength and plyometrics training program on power (P), speed (V) and the Elastic Index (IE) of lower limbs in selected athletes of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Materials and Methods: Forty-five athletes (n = 45); Twenty female gender (n = 20) (age 19.2 ± 1.4, height (1.63 ± .05 cm), weight (58.7 ± 6.9 kg.) BMI (22.04 ± 2.04)); Twenty-five of the male gender ((n = 25), age (21.4 ± 2.1), height (1.77 ± .08 cm), weight (76.2 ± 12.9 kg.), BMI (24.1 ± 3.49)) athletes of the Athletics teams, Karate, Basketball and Volleyball arena of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana which conducted a combined eccentric force training, using an iso-inertial platform, and plyometric exercises for 6 weeks with a frequency of 2 times / week. Before and after the intervention period the measurement variables were: the linear speed in 30 flat meters (V), the power (P) calculated with the Squat Jump test (SJ) and Countermovement Jump (CMJ) and Elastic Index (IE). Results: The test data are analyzed by means of the statistical package SPSS version 22, the statistic used is of the Parametric type, therefore each variable is analyzed in comparison with means, with the Student T test, for the variations presented in the power, speed and elastic index before and after the training program, potential was presented in female (F) and male (M) athletics P <0.009, basketball (F) P <0.0002 and in karate (M) with a P <0.023, in athletic index there was significance in athletics (F) P <0.030, (M) P <0.012, in karate (M) P <0.046 and basketball (F) P <0.007, in athletic speed (F) P <0.032, (M) P <0.009, basketball (F) P <0.050, (M) P <0.036. Conclusion: The results provide evidence that the eccentric and plyometric training program is considered as an effective stimulus in improving the variables evaluated in sports disciplines.

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