Licenciatura en Biología

Diversidad de insectos visitantes florales y posibles polinizadores presentes en la vereda Caguán, municipio de Garzón, Huila

This study characterized the diversity of diurnal floral-visiting insects in the village of Caguán, municipality of Garzón, Huila, Colombia. Fourteen 100 m² sampling plots were established across different vegetation covers (shade-grown coffee, full-sun coffee, citrus, plantain, mango, and spontaneous vegetation) during the period from February to May 2025. Using the sweep netting technique with an entomological net, biweekly samplings were conducted in three time periods (morning, midday, and afternoon), totaling 30 effective minutes per plot during each sampling event. A total of 220 individuals were recorded, corresponding to 34 genera distributed among four main orders: Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera. The most abundant genera were Apis mellifera (44 individuals), Tetragonistica (22 individuals), and Trigona (15 individuals). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index reached a value of H' = 3.01, and Pielou’s evenness index was J = 0.85, indicating a diverse and evenly distributed community. Bipartite network analysis revealed a highly connected and generalist structure, with four clearly defined functional modules. The plant species Citrus, Coffea arabica, Catharanthus roseus, Bidens pilosa, and Galinsoga parviflora functioned as core species, concentrating the highest proportion of visits. The results show that the Caguán agroecosystem maintains a robust ecological structure that promotes the coexistence of native and exotic pollinators, providing essential ecosystem services for local agricultural production. Potential threats were identified, such as the use of agrochemicals and habitat fragmentation, which require agroecological management strategies to ensure the conservation of these functional communities.

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